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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation
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Improved Pain and Function Using Multiphase Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Nonsurgical Spine Patient.

Jamal Hasoon1, Ivan Urits2, Omar Viswanath3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.

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Summary

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) offers significant relief for chronic low back pain when other treatments fail. This therapy improved function and reduced medication needs in a patient with degenerative disc disease and spondylosis.

Keywords:
chronic paindegenerative disc diseaselumbar spondylosisneuromodulationnonsurgical low back painspinal cord stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Management
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Chronic low back pain from degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar spondylosis is a major cause of disability.
  • Many patients do not respond to conservative or interventional treatments and are poor surgical candidates.
  • Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) presents a potential therapeutic option for these challenging cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case study evaluating the effectiveness of SCS in a patient with chronic, refractory low back pain.
  • To highlight the benefits of SCS beyond pain reduction, including functional improvement and medication management.

Main Methods:

  • A 65-year-old female with lumbar DDD and spondylosis, refractory to multiple conservative and interventional treatments, underwent an SCS trial.
  • The patient was implanted with the Biotronik Prospera system utilizing multiphase stimulation.
  • Outcomes were assessed based on pain relief, functional status, medication use, and long-term follow-up.

Main Results:

  • The SCS trial provided approximately 60% pain relief and significant functional improvement.
  • Following permanent implantation, the patient reported over 90% sustained pain reduction and discontinued opioid therapy.
  • At 9-month follow-up, durable benefits included weight loss, increased physical activity, and return to independent function.

Conclusions:

  • SCS is an effective treatment for chronic nonsurgical back pain, offering substantial pain reduction and improved quality of life.
  • Multiphase stimulation via the Biotronik Prospera system may be a valuable alternative for patients unresponsive to comprehensive conservative care.
  • This case demonstrates the potential for SCS to improve function, reduce medication dependence, and enhance overall well-being in refractory chronic low back pain patients.