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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

Primary cilia in growth plates orchestrate long bone development.

Lei Zhang¹, Xiaoqiao Xu¹, Dike Tao¹

¹Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Implantology, Shanghai Tongji Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.

Fundamental Research

|January 30, 2026

Summary

Primary cilia are essential for long bone growth, regulating skeletal stem cell fate and development. Disrupting these structures impairs bone elongation by affecting Wnt signaling and stemness.

Keywords:

Growth plate Long bone development Primary cilia Skeletal stem cell Wnt

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Published on: April 14, 2017

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

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Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Orthopedics

Background:

The growth plate is vital for long bone elongation, containing stem cells.
Primary cilia are crucial organelles regulating stem cell behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of primary cilia in long bone development and repair.
To understand how primary cilia influence skeletal stem cell fate and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

Spatial transcriptomics in conditional knockout (CKO) mice.
Analysis of primary cilia presence and function in growth plate zones.
Time-lapse imaging of skeletal stem cells (SSCs).

Main Results:

Primary cilia are present in all growth plate zones, especially during embryonic development.
Disruption of primary cilia in chondroblasts/osteoblasts activated Wnt signaling and reduced stemness.
Impaired bone development, elevated Mmp13, abnormal mineralization, and reduced asymmetric cell division were observed.

Conclusions:

Primary cilia are critical for regulating skeletal stem cell fate and long bone development.
Loss of primary cilia disrupts Wnt signaling and stemness, hindering bone elongation.
Primary cilia represent potential therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.