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Association between cholecystectomy/gallbladder pathology and colorectal polyps: a systematic review and
Shirui Li1,2, Yunfan Deng1,2, Sheng Dai3
1Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Frontiers in Oncology
|January 30, 2026
Summary
Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) increases colorectal polyp risk by 39%. Gallbladder pathologies also elevate risk, especially in East Asian populations and older individuals, highlighting the need for tailored screening.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Oncology
- Epidemiology and Public Health
Background:
- Gallbladder pathologies may impact colorectal cancer development.
- Limited data exists on gallbladder issues and colorectal precursor lesions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate the link between cholecystectomy/gallbladder pathologies and colorectal polyp risk.
- Explore geographical and biological factors influencing this association.
Main Methods:
- Meta-analysis of 27 observational studies following MOOSE/Cochrane guidelines.
- Assessed cholecystectomy effects and gallbladder pathology associations.
- Conducted subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses.
Main Results:
- Cholecystectomy associated with 39% increased polyp risk (OR=1.39).
- Higher risk observed in East Asian populations (OR=1.95) and for adenomas.
- Gallbladder pathology increased risk by 27% (OR=1.27), with polyps posing greater risk (OR=1.30).
Conclusions:
- Gallbladder status independently modulates early colorectal lesion risk.
- Cholecystectomy shows the highest risk magnitude.
- Personalized surveillance integrating gallbladder history is recommended.
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