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Heart-Brain Axis: Subclinical Cardiovascular Changes and Brain Health

Parnian Habibi1, Lin Yee Chen2, Farzaneh A Sorond3

  • 1Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|January 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Subclinical heart-brain axis dysfunction, even without disease, impacts brain health and cognitive function. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preserving brain health and preventing neurological decline.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The heart-brain axis integrates neural regulation of cardiovascular function and cardiovascular impacts on brain health.
  • Subclinical cardiovascular changes can lead to brain injury and cognitive vulnerability, even without diagnosed disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how subclinical heart-brain axis dysfunction affects brain structure and function.
  • To highlight biomarkers for silent brain injury and cognitive decline.
  • To outline mechanisms and future research directions for early detection and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on the heart-brain axis.
  • Discussion of neural pathways, hormonal signaling, and biomarkers.
  • Identification of mechanistic pathways and research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical heart-brain axis dysfunction contributes to neurological decline.
  • Biomarkers for silent brain injury, cognitive decline, and dementia are identified.
  • Mechanistic pathways link cardiovascular changes to adverse brain outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical heart-brain axis dysfunction is a significant factor in brain health.
  • Early risk stratification using biomarkers is essential.
  • Future research should focus on early detection and preventive strategies to preserve brain health.

Keywords:
brain healthheart–brain Axissubclinical

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