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Updated: May 2, 2026

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Research Note: Texas's Operation Lone Star Migrant Busing Program Increased Hispanic Homelessness in Destination

William Scarborough1, Cynthia Brito2, Aïsha Lehmann2

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.

Demography
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Texas bused over 100,000 immigrants, increasing Hispanic homelessness by 36% annually in receiving cities. This state immigration program significantly impacted vulnerable populations, necessitating policy solutions.

Keywords:
HispanicHomelessnessImmigrationPolicyRace and Ethnicity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Urban Studies

Background:

  • Texas implemented a large-scale immigration program, busing over 100,000 migrants to sanctuary cities.
  • Concerns arose regarding the program's impact on local homelessness rates, particularly among Hispanic populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between the Texas migrant busing program and Hispanic homelessness.
  • To quantify the impact of state-sponsored migrant transportation on urban homelessness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized point-in-time homeless population data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
  • Employed fixed-effects individual slope models analyzing administrative data from the Texas Governor's Office.
  • Compared homelessness trends in cities receiving buses versus pre-busing periods.

Main Results:

  • The Texas busing program correlated with a 36% annual increase in Hispanic homelessness in destination cities.
  • No significant impact was observed on non-Hispanic homelessness rates.
  • Findings align with the predominantly Hispanic demographic of the bused migrants.

Conclusions:

  • The Texas migrant busing program demonstrably exacerbated Hispanic homelessness in recipient cities.
  • Policy interventions are recommended to address and mitigate the adverse effects on this population.
  • The study highlights the unintended consequences of state immigration policies on urban social services.