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Cancer cell dynamics navigating the complex microenvironment: active nematics and dynamic heterogeneity.

Trevor Reid1, Colton Ramsey1, Yang Jiao2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. sunb@oregonstate.edu.

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Multicellular systems show active nematic behavior, driven by specialized "patroller" cells. These cells, not uniform behavior, orchestrate collective alignment and nematic order in cell monolayers.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular dynamics
  • Biophysics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Multicellular systems often exhibit active nematic characteristics.
  • The role of cell-to-cell variability in nematic order is not well understood.
  • Understanding individual cell contributions to collective behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cell-to-cell variability on nematic order in breast cancer cell monolayers.
  • To identify specific cell behaviors that contribute to the emergence and maintenance of nematic order.
  • To develop a theoretical model explaining the mechanisms driving nematic alignment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing micropatterned breast cancer cell monolayers to study motility.
  • Observing and analyzing spatiotemporal evolution of nematic order.
  • Developing a mean-field theoretical model incorporating cell subpopulations.

Main Results:

  • Observed robust, spatiotemporal nematic order in cell monolayers without coherent tissue flow.
  • Identified a subpopulation of "patroller" cells with polarized migration reinforcing nematic alignment.
  • Theoretical model predictions aligned with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • Nematic order in multicellular systems can be driven by a specialized subpopulation of cells.
  • "Patroller" cells play a key role in orchestrating collective alignment.
  • Cell-to-cell variability, specifically the influence of distinct cell phenotypes, is critical for nematic order.