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Related Concept Videos

The Nernst Equation02:59

The Nernst Equation

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Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
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Altermagnet-Driven Magnon Spin Splitting Nernst Effect.

Yuben Yang1, Di Wang1, Bin Yang1

  • 1Nanjing University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures and Department of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Jiangsu Physical Science Research Center, Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review Letters
|January 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altermagnets enable magnon spin current generation without magnetic fields or DMI. Researchers demonstrated the magnon spin splitting Nernst effect in LuFeO3 films, highlighting their spintronic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Magnonic spin current generation in antiferromagnets typically requires strong magnetic fields or Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI).
  • Altermagnets, a class of antiferromagnets with momentum-dependent spin splitting bands, offer a novel route for spin current generation.
  • These materials circumvent the need for external magnetic fields or DMI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the magnon spin splitting Nernst effect (MSSNE) in LuFeO3 films.
  • To investigate the generation of magnonic spin current in altermagnets.
  • To provide evidence for MSSNE originating from spin-split magnon bands.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of LuFeO3 films.
  • Application of a longitudinal temperature gradient.
  • Measurement of transverse magnonic spin current.
  • Symmetry analysis to support findings.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of the magnon spin splitting Nernst effect (MSSNE) in LuFeO3.
  • Generation of a transverse magnonic spin current by a longitudinal temperature gradient.
  • Four types of evidence confirm MSSNE arises from spin-split magnon bands, not DMI.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms MSSNE in altermagnetic LuFeO3 films.
  • Altermagnets provide a new platform for field-free magnonic spin current generation.
  • These findings highlight the potential of altermagnets for antiferromagnetic spintronic applications.