Practical guidance and recommendations for the safe management of the pediatric airway in anesthesia

Daniel Pérez-Ajami1, Francisco Escribá Alepuz2, José Daniel Jiménez Santana1

  • 1Médico Especialista en Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

Insights

Advanced pediatric airway management utilizes new tools like videolaryngoscopy and techniques such as the Bailey maneuver. Evidence supports these for safer, effective care in children, emphasizing training and tailored protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Airway Management Technologies

Background:

  • Pediatric airway management requires specialized approaches due to unique patient anatomy and physiology.
  • Technological advancements are transforming pediatric anesthesia practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise the clinical utility of emerging airway management tools and techniques in pediatric anesthesia.
  • To review current evidence on advanced airway strategies for children.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 2025.
  • Review and synthesis of studies on videolaryngoscopy, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, supraglottic devices, Bailey maneuver, fiberoptic-assisted intubation, and one-lung ventilation.

Main Results:

  • Current evidence supports the use of advanced tools and techniques for enhanced safety and effectiveness in pediatric airway management.
  • Videolaryngoscopy, HFNC oxygen therapy, supraglottic devices, and specialized techniques show clinical utility.
  • Individualized device selection and specialized training are crucial for optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced airway management strategies, including new technologies and techniques, are vital for optimizing pediatric anesthesia care.
  • Tailored protocols integrating these strategies are essential for improving patient safety and procedural effectiveness.

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