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Ultrasonic Neuromodulation for Network Treatments of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders
1Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Abstract:
Transcranial focused ultrasound provides the missing tool for modulation and reset of deep neural circuits. The noninvasiveness, flexibility, and spatial precision of the tool open new opportunities for causal interrogation of brain function and for personalized diagnoses and treatments of mental and neurological disorders. This article reviews the current state of the art in regard to emerging clinical applications to affective disorders, chronic pain, disorders of consciousness, and thought-related disorders. The article provides practical guidelines for applying this powerful tool to patients in a safe, controlled, and reproducible manner. The guidelines include the identification of appropriate treatment targets, compensation for the ultrasound attenuation by the skull and head, targeting and dosing validation, selection of effective and safe stimulation parameters, and considerations for inducing sustained therapeutic effects.
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