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Related Concept Videos

Communication01:03

Communication

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

Communication

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Levels of Communication II: Organizational, Public, and Group Dynamics01:27

Levels of Communication II: Organizational, Public, and Group Dynamics

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Effective communication is the foundation of a good organization. Communication is the lifeblood of an organization that connects the group with messages. In an organization, communication occurs in upward, downward, and horizontal lines. Downward communication travels from the administrative and senior levels to the staff through official channels such as manuals, rules and regulations, and organizational charts. Staff members initiate upward communication, which is addressed to executives and...
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
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Partner-dependent communication without dynamic adaptation in autism.

Saskia Bj Koch1,2, Jordy van Langen3, Jana Bašnáková4

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice
|January 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autistic individuals adjust communication based on initial assumptions but struggle to adapt in real-time interactions. Early social exposure influences adaptive communication in non-autistic individuals, a factor not seen in autistic participants.

Keywords:
audience designsocial anxietysocial developmentsocial interactionstereotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental conditions
  • Social psychology
  • Human-computer interaction

Background:

  • Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with communication challenges, often worsened by social anxiety.
  • Differences in perspective-taking and social motivation may affect interpersonal interactions.
  • The influence of these factors on live communication adaptation remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively examine communication adaptation in autistic and non-autistic individuals during live interactions.
  • To investigate how social anxiety levels influence communication adjustments.
  • To compare adaptation to stereotypical assumptions versus interaction-based evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally controlled online interactions with a confederate playing a child and an adult role.
  • Quantitative analysis of communication adjustments based on perceived partner competence.
  • Preregistered analyses linking adaptive responses to early social exposure.

Main Results:

  • Autistic and non-autistic participants initially adjusted communication based on stereotypes (e.g., emphasizing speech for a child).
  • Autistic participants were less likely to modify stereotype-driven behaviors based on interaction evidence.
  • Non-autistic participants dynamically adapted communication to treat both partners equivalently, linked to early social exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Autistic individuals show initial willingness to adjust communication but are less flexible in revising these adjustments based on real-time interaction.
  • A core interactional capacity, shaped by early social experiences, is crucial for understanding autism communication challenges.
  • Differences in adapting to interaction-based evidence may underlie communication difficulties in autism.