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Forensic analysis of 3D printed firearms can now identify source printers using unique nozzle drag marks. This research aids in tracing illicit 3D printed gun manufacturing and distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Rising criminal activity involving three-dimensional (3D) printed firearms necessitates new forensic techniques.
  • Traditional firearm examination methods are inadequate for identifying the source printer of 3D printed firearms.
  • Novel toolmarks from 3D printing require foundational research and adapted forensic methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between 3D prints and their source printers.
  • To establish the presence, persistence, and source information potential of nozzle deposited markings (drag marks) on 3D printed items.
  • To assess the utility of drag marks in forensic casework for source determination.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive examination of 3D printed items from five UltiMaker S5 3D printers.
  • Analysis of nozzle deposited markings (drag marks) for inter-printer and intra-printer variability.
  • Development and application of exclusion-based decision trees in a blind study.

Main Results:

  • Drag marks demonstrated a strong potential to discriminate between specific UltiMaker S5 printers.
  • Successful source determination of 44% of samples in a blind study.
  • Striations on 3D printed items were identified as potential class and individual level evaluators.

Conclusions:

  • Drag marks on 3D printed items hold significant potential for source attribution in forensic investigations.
  • Further cataloging and understanding of toolmarks on 3D printed firearms are recommended for casework implementation.
  • This research can aid forensic investigators in disrupting illicit 3D printed firearm manufacturing and distribution.