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Updated: Feb 2, 2026
08:06
Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats
Published on: September 7, 2016
18.6K
Design and Validation of an Arduino-Based, Cost-Effective Heated Anesthesia Induction Chamber for Mice.
Anthony Corea1, Kyle Tucker2, Colin E Benites3
1College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Summary
A novel Arduino-controlled heated induction chamber effectively prevents peri-anesthetic hypothermia in rodents. This low-cost device maintains normothermia during anesthetic induction, improving animal welfare and experimental reproducibility.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Anesthesiology
- Laboratory Animal Science
Background:
- Rodents exhibit high susceptibility to peri-anesthetic hypothermia due to physiological factors.
- Anesthetic agents can induce thermoregulatory depression, exacerbating heat loss.
- Rapid early heat loss during induction is challenging to reverse, necessitating effective warming solutions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and validate a low-cost, Arduino-controlled heated induction chamber for mice.
- To assess the safety and efficacy of the heated chamber in preventing early hypothermia during anesthetic induction.
- To provide a practical refinement for improving rodent anesthetic procedures.
Main Methods:
- A custom Arduino-controlled heated chamber with proportional integral derivative (PID) control was developed.
- Bench testing evaluated warm-up time, thermal stability, and surface temperature accuracy.
- A randomized, paired, repeated-measures study in C57BL/6 mice compared heated versus unheated induction, measuring core body temperature (radio frequency identification transponders) and physiological parameters.
Main Results:
- The heated chamber achieved thermal stability within 10 minutes, maintaining a surface temperature near 37.5 °C.
- Mice in the heated chamber maintained normothermia during induction, while unheated controls exhibited rapid hypothermia.
- The heated group stabilized at a higher core body temperature post-induction compared to the control group, with no significant differences in physiological stability or recovery time.
Conclusions:
- The cost-effective, Arduino-based heated induction chamber successfully prevents early hypothermia in mice.
- This device offers a practical and reliable method to enhance animal welfare and experimental reproducibility in rodent anesthesia.
- The heated chamber represents a valuable refinement for routine anesthetic procedures in laboratory rodents.
Keywords:
ABS, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneHR, heart rateNTC, negative temperature coefficientPID, proportional integral derivativeRFID, radio frequency identificationRR, respiratory rateSpO2, peripheral oxygen saturationΔT, temperature differenceMore Related Videos
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