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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

913
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

799
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
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Language learning as ontogenetic adaptation.

Manuel Bohn1, Marisa Casillas2

  • 1Institute of Psychology in Education, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|January 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children learn language through multiple social and cognitive mechanisms, integrating various information sources. Future research should examine this multi-faceted process across different developmental contexts.

Keywords:
cross-cultural diversityintegrationlanguage developmentmultimodal communicationword learning

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Language acquisition is complex, involving social interaction and multiple cognitive processes.
  • Children utilize diverse information streams to understand and produce language.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review information sources in early word learning.
  • To explore how children adapt to these sources.
  • To model the integration of multiple information sources using Bayesian inference.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on language acquisition.
  • Discussion of cognitive mechanisms involved in integrating information.
  • Application of Bayesian inference models to understand information integration.

Main Results:

  • Language learning is a multi-threaded and multi-mechanism process.
  • Children integrate contextual, social, and cognitive cues for language acquisition.
  • Bayesian inference provides a framework for modeling the integration of multiple information sources.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding early word learning requires studying the integration of multiple information sources.
  • Diverse developmental settings are crucial for studying language acquisition.
  • Future research should focus on the interplay of various cues in naturalistic language learning environments.