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Related Concept Videos

Hair Cells01:22

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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The Uncertainty Principle04:08

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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
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Regenerative Medicine for Hair Health: From Principles to Practice (Part II).

Saranya P Wyles1, Sydney L Proffer2, Larissa Pastore3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Regenerative therapies show promise for hair restoration by targeting key signaling pathways. Further research is needed to standardize protocols and ensure safety for clinical application in alopecia.

Keywords:
alopeciaanagenbioengineered hair folliclescatagenembryogenesisexosomesgrowth factorshair follicle cyclehair follicle regenerationhair regrowthhair restorationhair transplantationplatelet-rich plasmaregenerative medicinestem cellstelogen

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative medicine
  • Developmental biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Hair follicle formation and cycling are regulated by key signaling pathways like WNT, BMP, and SHH.
  • Experimental regenerative technologies aim to restore hair growth and follicles.
  • Current approaches leverage insights from developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an educational overview of regenerative therapies for hair restoration.
  • To define terminology and summarize scientific principles.
  • To highlight current research directions and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on regenerative medicine for hair loss.
  • Exploration of various regenerative modalities, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and extracellular vesicles (exosomes).
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in hair follicle development and cycling.

Main Results:

  • Regenerative therapies, including MSCs, PRP, and exosomes, show potential for treating various types of alopecia (scarring, non-scarring, autoimmune).
  • These therapies are currently experimental, with limitations including protocol variability and lack of standardization.
  • Key signaling pathways (WNT, BMP, SHH) are crucial targets for regenerative hair growth strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Regenerative medicine offers potential for hair restoration, but requires further research and standardization.
  • Addressing variability in protocols and establishing long-term safety and regulatory guidance are critical.
  • Closing the educational gap is essential for the dermatology community to critically evaluate and integrate emerging regenerative therapies responsibly.