Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
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Severe Brain Atrophy after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient Suffering from Chronic

Yasutaka Masuda1, Akira Honda1, Reo Yoshioka2

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|February 1, 2026
PubMed

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with serious neurological sequelae in some patients. We herein present the case of a 30-year-old man who developed brain atrophy, especially in the bilateral medial temporal lobes approximately one year after undergoing HSCT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Together with myositis, which he concurrently experienced, and after ruling out other etiologies, the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations were considered to be chronic graft-versus-host disease. Both manifestations were refractory to steroid treatment and progressed when the patient was on ibrutinib. Previous reports on CNS complications of HSCT have been thoroughly reviewed, and the need for active surveillance and assessment of transplantation-related CNS alterations is also discussed.

Keywords:
allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationbrain atrophycentral nervous systemgraft-versus-host disease

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