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Related Concept Videos

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Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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An exploratory study on the effectiveness of AI detection tools in identifying AI-generated articles.

R Grillo1, L S C Neto1, L Bottura1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|February 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Identifying AI-generated content is crucial for scientific integrity. QuillBot effectively distinguished human-written text, while Copyleaks and Sapling excelled at detecting AI-generated articles in oral and maxillofacial surgery research.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceMaxillofacial injuriesMedical writingOrthognathic surgeryWriting

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Publishing
  • Content Authenticity

Background:

  • Scientific credibility relies on accurate content identification.
  • The rise of AI necessitates tools to differentiate human-written from AI-generated text.
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgery research faces challenges in maintaining authenticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of eight free AI detection tools.
  • To compare detection rates for human-written versus AI-generated articles.
  • To assess tool usability and limitations in the context of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 24 human-written and 12 AI-generated articles (ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Gemini, Copilot).
  • Assessment of eight free AI detection tools for accuracy.
  • Statistical analysis of detection effectiveness (mean percentage score) and correlation with manuscript length.

Main Results:

  • QuillBot demonstrated perfect detection for human-written text, noted for speed and ease of use.
  • Copyleaks (99.6%) and Sapling (95.6%) showed the highest effectiveness in detecting AI-generated text.
  • No significant correlation found between manuscript length and detection effectiveness for either text type.

Conclusions:

  • QuillBot is a user-friendly tool for identifying human-written content.
  • Combining tools like QuillBot with Copyleaks or Sapling can enhance AI-generated text detection.
  • Effective AI detection is vital for preserving scientific integrity in oral and maxillofacial surgery.