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Dynamic molecular crystals offer a new platform for fluorescence sensing. These flexible crystals provide analyte-specific responses, enabling sensitive detection of amines and drugs in complex environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Dynamic molecular crystals possess inherent conformational flexibility, enabling tailored responses to analytes.
  • Fluorescence sensing platforms require molecules with analyte-specific conformational and fluorescence changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a donor-acceptor (D-A) molecule with a D-D-A-D-D backbone for dynamic molecular crystal formation.
  • To investigate the analyte-specific conformational and fluorescence responses of these crystals for sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a D-D-A-D-D molecule featuring a thiadiazolopyridine acceptor and carbazole donors.
  • Investigated self-assembly into crystalline nanofibers with dynamic conformational twisting.
  • Validated dynamic behavior through solvent-induced emission toggling (yellow-red).
  • Demonstrated analyte binding-induced conformational changes and fluorescence responses.

Main Results:

  • Crystalline nanofibers exhibited dynamic conformational twisting due to electrostatic repulsion and alkyl chain freedom.
  • Rapid, reversible emission toggling observed upon solvent exposure/evaporation.
  • Analyte binding triggered specific conformational changes, leading to distinct fluorescence variations (kinetics, intensity).
  • Achieved multiplexed discrimination of amines with high selectivity and sensitivity.
  • Detected amine-type drugs (methamphetamine, fentanyl) with detection limits as low as 1 ng.
  • Demonstrated robustness in complex matrices like hair spray and car exhaust.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic molecular crystals offer a versatile platform for advanced fluorescence sensing.
  • The developed D-A nanofibers enable multiplexed and highly sensitive detection of analytes.
  • This approach expands signal diversity for sophisticated sensing applications.