[Risk Factors, Molecular Mechanisms, and Multimodal Early Warning Strategies 
for Immune Checkpoint...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunotherapy
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are revolutionary cancer therapies with significant efficacy.
• ICI-associated toxicities, particularly pneumonitis (CIP), are critical challenges in cancer immunotherapy.
• CIP is a rare but severe complication with insidious onset, rapid progression, and high mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize recent advances in understanding CIP in patients receiving ICI therapy for lung cancer.
• To provide a reference for clinical management and a basis for early screening and precision treatment systems for CIP.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of previous studies on CIP.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and molecular mechanisms of CIP.
• Analysis of potential biomarkers and early warning systems for CIP.

Main Results:

• CIP presents with heterogeneous clinical and radiological features, complicating early diagnosis.
• Lack of specific biomarkers and objective indicators poses significant diagnostic challenges.
• Understanding risk factors and molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing early warning systems.

Conclusions:

• Early identification and diagnosis of CIP remain significant clinical challenges.
• Further research into biomarkers and early warning systems is essential for improved patient outcomes.
• This review provides a foundation for developing precision diagnosis and treatment strategies for CIP.