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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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The ITS2 Database
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Pregnancy and Stroke: Insight From the Cosmos Database.

Mohammad Anadani1,2, Lina Hamoud3, Sami Al Kasab4,2

  • 1Intent Medical Group, Department of Neuroscience, Endeavor Health, Arlington Heights, IL (M.A.).

Stroke
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Maternal stroke is a rare but serious pregnancy complication. An increasing trend in ischemic strokes necessitates improved prevention and care strategies for expectant mothers.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseaseshypertension, pregnancy-inducedincidencepregnancystroke

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maternal stroke is an uncommon yet severe complication during pregnancy.
  • This study investigates the incidence, trends, and outcomes of maternal stroke in the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence and temporal trends of maternal stroke.
  • To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with pregnancy-related stroke.
  • To identify risk factors and trends in maternal stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic health records from January 2016 to January 2024.
  • Inclusion of over 5.4 million pregnancies from the Cosmos Epic database.
  • Propensity score matching used to adjust for confounding factors in outcome analysis.

Main Results:

  • Maternal stroke incidence was 48.8 per 100,000 pregnancies, with ischemic stroke showing an upward trend.
  • Stroke patients were older, more likely to be Black, and had higher rates of comorbidities like hypertension and eclampsia.
  • The stroke group experienced higher mortality, delivery complications, lower birth weight, and longer neonatal hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal stroke, while rare, poses significant risks to both mother and child.
  • The rising incidence of ischemic stroke highlights the need for enhanced preventive measures.
  • Multidisciplinary perinatal care is crucial for managing maternal stroke effectively.