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Heyde Syndrome: A Literature Review.

Yashika Gupta1, Abdul Rehman Shahid Khan2, Viraj Shetty3

  • 1Department of Medicine Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences Gadag India.

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|February 2, 2026
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Summary

Heyde syndrome, characterized by GI bleeding, aortic stenosis, and von Willebrand syndrome, often affects older adults. Aortic valve replacement is a key treatment, improving outcomes and reducing bleeding events.

Keywords:
GI angiodysplasiaHeyde syndromeaortic stenosisvon Willebrand factor deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Heyde syndrome is a rare triad of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, aortic valve stenosis, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome.
  • This condition primarily impacts individuals over 65 years of age.
  • Management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, integrating medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current management strategies for Heyde syndrome.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and areas requiring further research.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Included were English-language human studies, case reports, clinical trials, reviews, and expert guidelines.
  • Literature on von Willebrand syndrome and GI angiodysplasia was also reviewed, with the search finalized on April 5, 2025.

Main Results:

  • Aortic valve replacement significantly improves patient outcomes and resolves hematologic abnormalities.
  • Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) demonstrated lower rates of severe bleeding, fewer perioperative complications, and reduced transfusion needs compared to surgical aortic valve replacement.
  • While TAVR with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) shows promise in preventing GI bleeds, intestinal angiodysplasia management can be challenging due to high recurrence rates.

Conclusions:

  • Heyde syndrome is an underrecognized condition in the elderly population.
  • Aortic valve replacement should be considered the primary therapy for severe aortic stenosis accompanied by chronic GI bleeding.
  • Further research is essential to enhance understanding and optimize patient care strategies.