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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Zoology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Dryland environments exhibit boom-bust dynamics, characterized by fluctuating productivity.
  • These dynamics significantly impact ecological functions, influencing populations, communities, and consumer diets, including top predators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how rainfall-triggered productivity changes affect raptor diets in a central Australian desert.
  • To understand the influence of boom-bust dynamics on a diverse raptor community (19 species).

Main Methods:

  • Long-term monitoring data of a diverse raptor community in a central Australian desert.
  • Analysis of dietary structure in relation to extreme boom-bust conditions driven by rainfall.

Main Results:

  • Boom-bust dynamics alter raptor community dietary structure, mediated by prey preferences and movement.
  • Raptor dietary niche breadth was larger during bust periods compared to boom periods.
  • Small mammals and birds were more common in diets during booms, while reptiles dominated during busts.

Conclusions:

  • Predators generally focus on preferred prey during high productivity but switch to alternative prey in unfavorable conditions.
  • Dietary switching can enhance raptor persistence in destabilizing boom-bust systems due to climate change.
  • Dietary specialists, particularly sedentary ones, are vulnerable to long-term declines in preferred prey under future climates.