Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Factors in Adrenalectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Surgical Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Adrenal tumors affect 4-7% of individuals over 40.
• Adrenalectomy is recommended for hormone-secreting, malignant, or large (>4 cm) adrenal lesions.
• Clinical-pathological correlates of adrenalectomy outcomes require further definition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess adrenalectomy outcomes.
• To explore clinical, demographic, and pathologic factors influencing adrenalectomy outcomes.
• To identify predictors of treatment response after adrenalectomy.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cohort study of 75 patients undergoing adrenalectomy (March 2016-March 2021).
• Medical record review and telephone-based clinical follow-up.
• Statistical analysis using chi-square, independent t-test, and ANOVA.

Main Results:

• Malignancy correlated with larger tumor size, higher mitotic rate, necrosis, and capsular/vascular invasion.
• 84.4% of patients showed complete treatment response.
• Laparoscopic approach, shorter surgery duration (<150 min), adenoma pathology, and absence of capsular invasion were associated with better outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Adrenalectomy outcomes are significantly influenced by surgical approach and tumor pathology, particularly capsular invasion.
• Laparoscopic adrenalectomy and favorable tumor characteristics are linked to improved treatment response.
• Further research with larger cohorts is needed to validate predictive clinical and pathologic variables for adrenal tumors.