Neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease: disease-promoting versus protective functions

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves complex interactions of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors.
• Neutrophils are early immune responders infiltrating inflamed intestinal mucosa in IBD.
• Their role in IBD pathogenesis is multifaceted and requires detailed examination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the dual functions of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• To explore neutrophil heterogeneity, plasticity, and interactions with the gut microbiota.
• To propose novel precision therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophils in IBD.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing literature on neutrophil functions in IBD.
• Analysis of neutrophil-derived effector molecules (ROS, proteases, NETs).
• Investigation of protective roles including pathogen clearance and tissue repair.

Main Results:

• Activated neutrophils contribute to IBD initiation/progression via effector molecules, disrupting the epithelial barrier and promoting inflammation.
• Neutrophils also exhibit protective functions, clearing pathogens/apoptotic cells and promoting mucosal healing.
• Neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity significantly influence their impact on IBD.

Conclusions:

• Neutrophils act as a "dual-role guardian" in IBD, with both detrimental and beneficial effects.
• Understanding neutrophil dynamics is crucial for novel IBD treatment strategies.
• Targeting neutrophils offers potential for precision medicine approaches in IBD management.