Pulmonary Leiomyomatosis in a Postmenopausal Patient After Previous Hysterectomy: A Case Report

Uterine leiomyoma represents one of the most common pathologies affecting women of reproductive age, often presenting with lower abdominal pain and abnormal bleeding. Benign metastasising leiomyomatosis (BML) is a rare tumour originating from uterine leiomyomas, with the lungs being a common extrauterine location. The aetiopathogenesis remains unclear, and no standardised treatment protocols exist due to the rarity of the disease.

We present a case of a patient who developed pulmonary BML 7 years after hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. Despite initial hormonal therapy and various interventions, the patient's condition progressively worsened, leading to pulmonary hypertension, cardiac decompensation and ultimately death. Despite consultations with oncologists and treatment with aromatase inhibitors and doxorubicin, the disease proved refractory to treatment.

BML remains a challenging condition to manage due to its low incidence and lack of standardised treatment protocols. Multidisciplinary approaches are essential, and further research is needed to establish better treatment guidelines.