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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

12.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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What are Populations and Communities?00:30

What are Populations and Communities?

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Overview
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Biology of Microbial Communities - Interview
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Microbial Detection in Community Acquired Pleural Space Infection Using the BioFire Joint Infection Panel and

Portia Mira1, Ruben Dyrhovden2, Marit Gjerde Tellevik2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|February 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular diagnostics, including the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel, offer superior detection of community-acquired pleural infections compared to traditional culture methods. This approach enhances microbial profiling for better treatment strategies.

Keywords:
EmpyemaPleural Space InfectionsRapid Molecular Diagnostics

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Community-acquired pleural infection diagnosis relies on timely and accurate microbiological identification.
  • Current diagnostic methods, including culture, often lack the speed and sensitivity required for effective management.
  • Molecular diagnostic approaches hold promise for improving pathogen detection in pleural fluid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare molecular diagnostic methods for pathogen detection in pleural infections.
  • To evaluate the off-label use of the BIOFIRE Joint Infection (JI) Panel for pleural fluid analysis.
  • To assess the utility of supplementary in-house PCRs to enhance the BIOFIRE JI Panel's performance.

Main Methods:

  • Pleural fluid samples from 162 patients were analyzed at two international medical centers.
  • Performance comparison included the BIOFIRE JI Panel (with and without in-house PCRs), 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR/sequencing, and conventional culture.
  • In-house PCRs targeted specific pathogens: Fusobacterium nucleatum group, Streptococcus intermedius/constellatus, and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus.

Main Results:

  • The BIOFIRE JI Panel, augmented with three in-house PCRs, detected 96.8% of pleural infections, achieving complete microbial profiles in 70.8% of cases.
  • 16S rRNA gene PCR/sequencing demonstrated a detection rate of 92.2% with complete profiles in 87.0%.
  • Conventional culture identified bacteria in only 31.9% of pleural fluids, with complete profiles in 15.3%.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular approaches, particularly panel-based PCR diagnostics, are crucial for diagnosing pleural space infections.
  • The BIOFIRE JI Panel, though designed for synovial fluid, shows significant potential for modification and use in pleural fluid diagnostics.
  • These findings support the development of rapid, accessible molecular diagnostics to streamline treatment for pleural infections.