Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
Published on: December 21, 2021
Cesarean delivery on maternal request and Robson classification
Cristine Moreira Silva Benetti1, Célia José Laice Sitoe Muhandule1, Laura Bianchini Fogulin1
1School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) represents 5.4% of all deliveries, primarily in Robson Classification group 5.1. Most CDMR patients had comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, highlighting limitations in current classification systems.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) is a complex issue with varying definitions globally.
- Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of CDMR is crucial for maternal healthcare.
- The Robson Classification (RC) is a tool used to analyze cesarean delivery patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the types of cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR).
- To analyze the distribution of CDMR according to the Robson Classification (RC).
- To assess the prevalence of comorbidities among women undergoing CDMR.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted using electronic delivery records from a Brazilian high-risk maternity hospital (October 2017 - October 2021).
- CDMR cases were categorized into elective (CDMRele), induction withdrawal (CDMRiw), and labor withdrawal (CDMRlw).
- Data were analyzed for distribution within RC groups and associated comorbidities.
Main Results:
- Cesarean delivery constituted 53.1% of 7779 total deliveries.
- CDMR accounted for 5.4% of all deliveries (420 cases), with elective CDMR being the most common type (58.6%).
- CDMR was predominantly observed in RC group 5.1 (57.1%), and 72.1% of CDMR patients had comorbidities, primarily hypertension and diabetes.
Conclusions:
- The definition and circumstances surrounding CDMR lack international consensus.
- The Robson Classification has limitations in fully capturing the phenomenon of CDMR, especially in populations with a high prevalence of comorbidities.
- Brazilian law permits CDMR in situations not previously established in international literature.
Related Concept Videos
Force Classification
Contact and non-contact forces are two of the most widely used categories of forces. As the name suggests, contact forces require physical contact between two objects to act upon each other. Examples of contact forces include frictional,...
Classification of Neurotransmitters
Classification of Leukocytes
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...
Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
Classification of Bones
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Seizures: Classification
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

