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Plasticity and stringency: rethinking stem cell division modes
Muhammed Burak Bener1, Mayu Inaba1
1Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, U.S.A.
Biochemical Society Transactions
|February 2, 2026
Summary
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) balances stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. This review explores division outcomes and execution across stem cell systems, aided by new in vivo visualization techniques.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Stem Cell Biology
- Cellular Dynamics
Background:
- Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is crucial for maintaining stem cell populations.
- It ensures a balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
- Stem cells also utilize symmetric divisions for proliferation or differentiation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review distinct cell division modes in stem cells.
- To elucidate the functional outcomes of asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions.
- To examine the strictness of these division modes across diverse stem cell systems.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of key studies on stem cell division.
- Analysis of recent advancements in in vivo visualization techniques.
- Synthesis of findings on division modes and their functional consequences.
Main Results:
- ACD generates one stem cell and one differentiating cell, maintaining tissue homeostasis.
- Symmetric divisions produce two stem cells or two differentiating cells.
- Recent technical progress has enabled better in vivo observation of stem cell divisions.
Conclusions:
- Understanding stem cell division modes is key to tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
- Variations in division strategies exist across different stem cell types.
- Advanced imaging techniques are crucial for studying stem cell behavior in native environments.
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