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Obesity, indicated by a high body mass index (BMI), independently increases the risk of peri-implantitis, a complication affecting dental implants. This highlights the importance of BMI screening for better implant outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Peri-implantitis is a significant complication of dental implant therapy, impacting long-term success.
  • Rising global obesity rates necessitate understanding the role of body mass index (BMI) in peri-implantitis development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent association between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of peri-implantitis.
  • To identify if elevated BMI is a risk factor for peri-implantitis in patients receiving dental implants.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from dental implants placed between 2006 and 2019.
  • Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as nonobese (<30 kg/m²) or obese (≥30 kg/m²).
  • Time to peri-implantitis (defined by bone loss and clinical signs) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models.

Main Results:

  • The study included 325 subjects and 1,138 implants; 24.6% of implants developed peri-implantitis.
  • Five-year peri-implantitis rates were significantly higher in obese subjects (34.0%) compared to nonobese subjects (22.7%).
  • Elevated BMI (≥30 kg/m²) was independently associated with a 56% increased risk of peri-implantitis (HR=1.56, P=.04).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated body mass index (BMI) is a significant independent predictor of peri-implantitis.
  • Integrating BMI assessment into implant treatment planning and maintenance is crucial for risk identification.
  • Understanding obesity's inflammatory role can enhance preventive strategies for improved long-term dental implant outcomes.