[Annual progress in tobacco medicine in 2025]

From October 2024 to September 2025, substantial progress was achieved globally and in China in the field of tobacco medicine. Epidemiological surveillance data indicates a steady decline in smoking prevalence in China, accompanied by a marked improvement in public awareness of smoking-related harms. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that smoking can impair health through multiple pathways, including the induction of ferroptosis, activation of inflammatory responses, remodeling of epigenetic regulation, and disruption of metabolic homeostasis. In clinical treatment, the release of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) provides standardized recommendations for pharmacological cessation, while randomized controlled trials on adolescent e-cigarette dependence have further expanded the evidence base for smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. From a public health perspective, a new tobacco control initiative emphasizing "shared etiology, shared mechanisms, and shared interventions "highlights the integration of chronic disease co-prevention and health promotion, whereas studies on digital communication platforms underscore the need to strengthen both e-cigarette regulation and health information dissemination. Overall, tobacco medicine research and practice are transitioning from "tobacco control and disease prevention" toward a new phase of "systematic prevention and holistic health promotion."