Gender and task type effects on the neural network of emotional prosody processing

Emotional prosody (EP) processing is vital for social communication. Seed-based functional connectivity has been widely used to probe its neural basis, yet most studies rely on part of predefined regions, introducing uncertainty and bias. Furthermore, although gender and task type modulate its activation pattern, their network-level impact remains unclear. Using activation network mapping (a network-level analogue of meta-analysis), we identified a unified EP network and delineated its modulation by gender and task types (explicit or implicit). Results showed broader activation networks in females compared to males, regardless of the task type. Moreover, explicit tasks recruited additional frontal and sensorimotor regions beyond implicit tasks, supporting hierarchical processing. We also identified associations with specific receptors and diseases like autism and Alzheimer's. These findings underscore the importance of considering gender and task type effects on emotional processing research and provide a network-level neural mechanism underlying emotional prosody.