Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

587
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
587
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

596
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
596
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

653
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
653
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

128.1K
Overview
128.1K
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

373
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
373
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

945
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
945

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Component specific responses of the microbiomes to common chemical stressors in the human food chain.

Environmental microbiome·2025
Same author

The impact of microbiota and ketogenic diet interventions in the management of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2024
Same author

Evaluation of primer pairs for microbiome profiling from soils to humans within the One Health framework.

Molecular ecology resources·2020
Same author

Microbiota-gut brain axis involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics·2019
Same author

Inflammasomes make the case for littermate-controlled experimental design in studying host-microbiota interactions.

Gut microbes·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

12.8K

Microbial-Immune Interplay in CNS Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Animal Models and Clinical Studies.

Matteo Ceccon1, Francesca Ronchi1

  • 1Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Disease, and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin - Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota influences the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system. Alterations in gut microbes are linked to CNS autoimmune diseases, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CNS autoimmune diseasesimmune systemmicrobiotamouse modelsmultiple sclerosis

More Related Videos

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
09:03

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

19.9K
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
08:47

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

Published on: May 8, 2016

24.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

12.8K
The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
09:03

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

Published on: February 3, 2012

19.9K
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
08:47

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

Published on: May 8, 2016

24.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host immunity and may impact the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Dysbiosis, or changes in gut microbial composition, can lead to inflammation and immune dysregulation.
  • This dysregulation is implicated in various CNS autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and autoimmune encephalitis (AIE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review patient studies investigating the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiota influences CNS autoimmunity.
  • To highlight how microbial metabolites, products, or antigens modulate host immune responses, potentially causing CNS inflammation.
  • To underscore the link between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing patient studies focusing on the gut microbiota and CNS autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving microbial modulation of host immune responses.
  • Examination of the role of microbial metabolites, products, and antigens.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiota significantly impacts host immunity and CNS function.
  • Alterations in the gut microbiota are associated with increased risk or protection in CNS autoimmune diseases.
  • Microbial components can trigger inflammation and immune activation contributing to neurological disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is a key factor in the development and progression of CNS autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Future research should focus on establishing causality and translating findings into clinical interventions for autoimmune neurological conditions.