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Developing and Evaluating the Comprehensive Hierarchical Eustress Review (CHER).
Juliane Kloidt1, Lawrence W Barsalou1
1School of Psychology and Neuroscience Glasgow, University of Glasgow, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB UK.
Journal of Happiness Studies
|February 3, 2026
Summary
Eustress, the positive experience of challenges, is best understood as a unidimensional and multidimensional construct. New research identifies four distinct eustress profiles, impacting wellbeing and distress.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychometrics
- Wellbeing Research
Background:
- Eustress, a positive response to challenges, lacks a clear psychometric structure and understanding of its relationship with distress and wellbeing.
- Existing research faces challenges in defining central features, optimal psychometric structure (unidimensional, multidimensional, bifactor), and individual eustress profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel instrument, the Comprehensive Hierarchical Eustress Review (CHER), based on the Comprehensive Hierarchical construct of Eustress (CHE) model.
- To investigate the psychometric structure of eustress, its relationship with distress and wellbeing, and to identify distinct eustress profiles in adults.
Main Methods:
- Development of the CHER instrument with 47 items across three subscales reflecting CHE's sources of eustress.
- Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to assess the psychometric structure of eustress.
- Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify distinct eustress profiles within the sample.
Main Results:
- Confirmatory factor analyses supported a bifactor model, indicating eustress is both unidimensional and multidimensional.
- The CHER instrument demonstrated satisfactory reliability and item discrimination, with eustress negatively correlating with distress and positively with wellbeing.
- Latent profile analysis identified four distinct eustress profiles, which varied based on sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits.
Conclusions:
- Eustress is best conceptualized as a bifactorial construct, integrating both general and specific dimensions.
- The CHER instrument provides a robust measure for assessing eustress and its relationship with psychological health.
- The identified eustress profiles offer insights for theoretical, empirical, and interventional strategies aimed at fostering positive experiences in challenging situations.
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