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Soft, Flexible, and Stretchable Platforms for Tissue-Interfaced Bioelectronics.

Kento Yamagishi1, Sunghoon Lee1,2,3, Tomoyuki Yokota1,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review clarifies soft, flexible, and stretchable electronics for seamless tissue integration. It outlines design principles and advances in bioelectronic devices for various organs, improving healthcare technologies.

Keywords:
bio‐integrated electronicsflexible electronicsstretchable electronicstissue adhesives

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Area of Science:

  • Bioelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Seamless integration of electronics with living tissues requires matching mechanical properties.
  • Distinguishing between "soft," "flexible," and "stretchable" electronics is crucial for device design.
  • Heterogeneous organs present unique mechanical challenges for bioelectronic interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify definitions of "soft," "flexible," and "stretchable" electronics.
  • To establish a tissue-mechanics framework for designing bioelectronic devices.
  • To review recent advances and outline design principles for tissue-interfaced bioelectronics.

Main Methods:

  • Linking electronic material properties to a tissue-mechanics framework.
  • Organizing recent advances into tissue-targeted platforms.
  • Highlighting emerging material systems like liquid metal and biodegradable electronics.

Main Results:

  • Identified key mechanical design principles: ultrathin structures, stretchable architectures, and bioadhesive interfaces.
  • Showcased tissue-targeted platforms for skin, neural, cardiac, and gastrointestinal applications.
  • Introduced advanced materials extending mechanical adaptability and enabling transient electronics.

Conclusions:

  • Soft, tissue-interfaced bioelectronics offer a versatile toolbox for healthcare.
  • Unifying design rules for modulus, adhesion, and strain tolerance are essential.
  • Bioelectronics can bridge wearable, implantable, and transient formats for future medical technologies.