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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Uveal Melanoma Treatment: An Update.

Alison Hiong1,2, Darvy Dang3,4, Malaka Ameratunga1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology
|February 3, 2026
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Uveal melanoma treatment offers local control but faces challenges with metastasis and quality of life. Future management may involve novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies for better outcomes.

Keywords:
immunotherapyneoadjuvant therapyradiationtargeted therapyuveal melanoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Uveal melanoma is a rare cancer of the eye's melanocytes.
  • Current treatments like radiotherapy and surgery have limitations, including vision loss and high metastatic relapse rates.
  • The metastatic stage has a poor prognosis, with limited survival despite existing therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on current uveal melanoma treatment strategies.
  • To explore the potential of emerging therapies in managing uveal melanoma.
  • To discuss future directions in uveal melanoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current treatment options for primary and metastatic uveal melanoma.
  • Discussion of novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
  • Exploration of neoadjuvant therapy concepts.

Main Results:

  • Established treatments achieve local control but are linked to significant side effects and metastatic progression.
  • Existing systemic therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and tebentafusp, show limited efficacy in extending survival for metastatic uveal melanoma.
  • Emerging therapeutic avenues hold promise for improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for more effective treatments for uveal melanoma, particularly in the metastatic setting.
  • Novel targeted therapies, advanced immunotherapy, and neoadjuvant approaches are crucial for advancing uveal melanoma management.
  • Future research should focus on integrating these novel strategies to improve survival and quality of life for uveal melanoma patients.