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Probiotic Supplementation Reduces RRTIs and Enhances Gut Microbial and Immunity in Children: A Randomized Controlled

Ke Chen1, Weiwei Ma2, Jiayi Zhong1

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu Women's & Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.R. China.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that a specific probiotic combination significantly reduced recurrent respiratory infections in children. Probiotic supplementation also supported healthier gut microbiota and immune responses, proving safe and effective.

Keywords:
ChildrenGut-lung axisProbioticsRecurrent respiratory tract infections

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) are a significant cause of childhood illness.
  • Strain-defined probiotics are explored for preventing RRTIs, but evidence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a probiotic combination (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661) in preventing RRTIs in children.

Main Methods:

  • A 180-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 120 children with RRTIs.
  • Children received either the probiotic blend or a placebo daily.
  • Evaluated RRTI frequency, duration, gut microbiota, immune biomarkers, and safety.

Main Results:

  • The probiotic group showed significantly reduced duration and frequency of fever, cough, upper respiratory infections, trachea/bronchitis, pneumonia, and overall RRTI recurrence (p < 0.05).
  • Gut microbiota analysis revealed distinct differences, with increased beneficial taxa in the probiotic group.
  • Immune biomarker patterns indicated a more regulated humoral response, with stable immunoglobulin and complement levels.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term supplementation with XLTG11 and CCFM8661 is safe and effective for reducing RRTI burden in children.
  • Probiotic intervention supports healthier gut microbiota and immune patterns.
  • Strain-defined probiotics offer a promising complementary strategy for pediatric respiratory infection prevention.