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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system that folds and assesses the confirmation of N-glycosylated proteins before they can exit the ER lumen. The primary players of this quality check pipeline are the lectins, ER-resident chaperones, and a glucosyl transferase enzyme. In case the calnexin system in the lumen fails to salvage a misfolded protein, it is transported to the cytoplasm...
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Intrauterine Telemetry to Measure Mouse Contractile Pressure In Vivo
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Changes in Intrauterine Device Position From Initial Insertion to Check Up.

Grace Swain1, Karen Mizia1,2, Elizabeth Luxford2

  • 1Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia.

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Summary

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) rarely migrate after insertion in Australian women. Post-insertion ultrasounds are generally unnecessary unless symptoms arise, simplifying IUD care.

Keywords:
hormonal contraceptionintrauterine device migrationintrauterine deviceslong‐acting reversible contraceptionultrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Medical Devices
  • Ultrasound Technology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) migration in Australian populations.
  • Current guidelines offer ambiguous recommendations for post-insertion IUD check-ups (5-8 weeks).
  • The clinical utility of pelvic ultrasounds for verifying IUD position requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess IUD migration and position changes in an Australian cohort.
  • To determine the clinical usefulness of post-insertion ultrasounds for IUD placement.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted over three years across eight Sydney sites.
  • Data was collected from 645 cases involving IUD insertion or exchange under ultrasound guidance.

Main Results:

  • Initially, 5% of IUDs were sub-optimally positioned; 98.5% of optimally positioned IUDs remained stable post-procedure.
  • 1.3% of IUDs shifted to a suboptimal position, often associated with uterine anomalies (75%).
  • Of sub-optimally positioned IUDs, 84% migrated to the optimal fundal position within 5-8 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • IUDs inserted correctly in the fundus are unlikely to change position without underlying uterine anomalies or prior hysterotomy.
  • Most IUDs migrate to an appropriate position, suggesting routine 5-8 week checks and ultrasounds may be unnecessary.
  • Ultrasound should be reserved for symptomatic patients or when IUD strings are not palpable.