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Context modulates brain state dynamics and behavioral responses during narrative comprehension.

Yibei Chen1, Zaid Zada2, Samuel A Nastase2

  • 1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|February 4, 2026
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Summary

Contextual priming influences story understanding by subtly adjusting brain activity. Specific narrative contexts alter how the brain engages default mode (DMN) and multiple-demand networks (MDN) during listening.

Keywords:
Bayesian mixed-effects modelingbrain state dynamicscontext modulationfMRIhidden Markov modelsnarrative comprehensionnaturalistic paradigm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Narrative comprehension is context-dependent, but the neural mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Brief contextual priming significantly impacts how individuals interpret stories.
  • The brain's dynamic state changes during naturalistic language processing require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying context-sensitive narrative comprehension.
  • To identify dynamic brain states modulated by narrative context during story listening.
  • To explore how linguistic and character features influence brain state engagement based on context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hidden Markov modeling (HMM) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.
  • Analyzed brain activity while participants listened to an ambiguous story under two contexts (affair vs. paranoia).
  • Employed Bayesian mixed-effects modeling and behavioral analysis to link brain states to interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Identified recurrent brain states involving auditory, language, and default mode network (DMN) regions.
  • Observed context-specific brain states recruiting multiple-demand network (MDN) systems (control, attention, salience).
  • Found that context modulated the influence of story features on brain state probabilities and interpretive judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual priming shapes narrative comprehension via feature-dependent modulation of DMN and MDN brain states.
  • Dynamic brain state engagement is crucial for context-sensitive interpretation during naturalistic listening.
  • This study provides insights into the neural basis of how context influences meaning construction.