Very delayed hemorrhagic pericardial effusion following percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion

Pericardial effusion is a serious complication following percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion and is associated with adverse outcomes. While acute effusions occur from procedure associated macro-perforations, delayed effusions are less well understood. Reported here is a case of a hemorrhagic pericardial effusion presenting almost 6 months following left atrial appendage occlusion and successfully treated with corticosteroids.

Delayed pericardial effusions following left atrial appendage occlusion occur due to microperforations. These pericardial effusions can cause hemopericardium and pericardial inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapy may promote resolution and prevent adverse sequalae.