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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline to Accurately and Efficiently Analyze the MicroRNA Transcriptomes in Plants
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Decoding MicroRNA Networks in Plant Vegetative and Reproductive Branching: Mechanisms and Applications for Crop

Waseem Abbas1, Jianzhong Hu1, Yixiu Zhu1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) precisely regulate plant branching architecture for improved crop yield. This review details how specific miRNA networks optimize vegetative and reproductive growth, offering strategies for crop improvement.

Keywords:
axillary meristemcrop improvementinflorescence architecturemicroRNAtillering

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Plant branching architecture is vital for crop yield and biomass.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of plant genetic and hormonal networks controlling branching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent advances in miRNA-target gene modules regulating plant branching.
  • To explore miRNA manipulation strategies for optimizing crop architecture and yield.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of miRNA research in plant branching.
  • Critical evaluation of gene editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9) for miRNA network modulation.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNA families form hierarchical, stage-specific networks for independent optimization of vegetative and reproductive branching.
  • miRNA manipulation holds significant potential for engineering ideal plant architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating miRNA networks via advanced techniques can enhance crop productivity.
  • Integrating single-cell omics and epigenetic insights is crucial for precise miRNA-based crop improvement.