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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

36.2K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
36.2K
Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.6K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.6K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

24.9K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.9K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

8.4K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
8.4K
Entropy within the Cell01:22

Entropy within the Cell

12.9K
A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
12.9K
Range00:59

Range

14.3K
The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
14.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

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Short-range order in high entropy carbides.

Shuguang Wei1, Muhammad Waqas Qureshi1, Jingrui Wei1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-entropy carbides (HECs) exhibit chemical short-range order (CSRO), a phenomenon previously unobserved in these materials. This discovery enhances radiation resistance and offers new avenues for designing advanced materials for extreme environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • High-entropy carbides (HECs) are advanced materials with potential for extreme environments due to their unique properties.
  • Chemical short-range order (CSRO) is known to impact properties in other material classes, but its presence and effect in HECs were previously unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and impact of chemical short-range order (CSRO) in high-entropy carbides (HECs).
  • To determine if CSRO can be controlled and how it influences material properties, particularly radiation resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Atomistic simulations were employed to model the behavior of atoms within HECs.
  • Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used for experimental observation and validation of atomic structures.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully observed CSRO in multiple HECs, confirming its presence in this material class.
  • CSRO in HECs was found to be controllable through element selection and heat treatment.
  • A significant improvement in radiation resistance was linked to the presence of CSRO, though other factors also contribute.

Conclusions:

  • This research extends the understanding of CSRO to high-entropy carbides, a novel finding.
  • The ability to control CSRO provides a new strategy for designing HECs with enhanced properties for demanding applications.
  • Findings pave the way for developing next-generation materials tailored for extreme conditions.