Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Cardiac Output Calculation by Thermodilution in Pigs for Effective Perfusion Flow During EVLP
Published on: June 28, 2024
[High-output stoma]
Samuel Nyffeler1,2, Giles Major3
1Service de médecine interne, Hôpital cantonal, HFR Fribourg, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne.
Abstract:
High-output stoma, which often occurs after ileostomy, results in substantial enteric losses that can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and malnutrition. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach including rehydration, tailored nutrition, and therapies aimed at reducing stoma output. First-line management is restoration of intravascular volume with sodium-containing fluids, followed by evaluation and treatment of underlying causes such as infection or partial stricture. Regular monitoring of stoma output and urine output is essential to prevent long-term complications such as renal failure. Control of the condition is, in the majority of cases, achieved through rehydration, dietary measures, and antisecretory/antimotility agents.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
Exercise and Cardiac Output
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
Regulation of Water Output
The Citric Acid Cycle: Output
Regulation of Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle is regulated in several ways, including feedback inhibition, regulation of enzyme activities, and associated anaplerotic or cataplerotic pathways.
The primary substrate of the TCA cycle—acetyl CoA—is...

