Demographic and Epidemiological Profile of Optic Neuritis in Colombia: A Retrospective Study Using Data from the...

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Epidemiology
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are demyelinating conditions affecting the optic nerve.
• Disease prevalence varies geographically, necessitating localized epidemiological studies.
• Understanding demographic patterns is crucial for public health strategies and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the demographic characteristics and estimate the prevalence of optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Colombia.
• To analyze geographical distribution, age demographics, and gender prevalence of ON and NMOSD.
• To provide the first epidemiological data on ON and NMOSD in Colombia.

Main Methods:

• A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed.
• Data were collected from the Integrated Social Protection Information System (SISPRO) in Colombia.
• International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were used to identify cases of ON and NMOSD between 2015 and 2021.

Main Results:

• A total of 22,525 patients were identified: 16,189 (71.88%) with ON and 6,336 (28.12%) with NMOSD.
• Incidence rates were 7.29 cases per 100 individuals for ON and 2.05 for NMOSD.
• Higher prevalence was observed in females for both conditions (64.1% for ON, 78.5% for NMOSD), with specific regional variations and mean ages around 44-45 years.

Conclusions:

• Colombia exhibits a higher range of ON and NMOSD occurrence compared to global averages.
• The study identifies specific regions and demographic groups with elevated prevalence, particularly among women.
• This research underscores the need for targeted public health interventions and further epidemiological investigation in Colombia.