Deep eutectic solvent-Ferrofluid based single-step magnetic-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for Pyrethroid...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Pesticide residue analysis in food is crucial for consumer safety.
• Traditional extraction methods for pyrethroids can be time-consuming and complex.
• Developing efficient and sensitive analytical techniques for pesticide determination is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and characterize a novel deep eutectic solvents-based ferrofluid (DES-FFs) material.
• To utilize the DES-FFs for the single-step magnetic-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (MALLME) of pyrethroids (PYs).
• To determine 15 PYs in vegetable oil samples using GC-MS/MS.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic cores combined with a ternary choline chloride/sesamol/coumarin DES.
• Application of the synthesized DES-FFs in magnetic-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction.
• Analysis of extracted pyrethroids using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).
• Comprehensive material characterization using HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA.

Main Results:

• The developed DES-FFs exhibited excellent colloidal stability and rapid phase separation (<10 s).
• High extraction efficiency for 15 PYs was achieved due to enhanced π-π stacking and optimal hydrophilicity-polarity matching.
• The method demonstrated high sensitivity (LODs: 0.91-3.03 ng/mL), low matrix effect, and good precision (RSD ≤6.92%).
• Successful determination of 15 PYs in both refined and crude vegetable oils with recoveries ranging from 79.88% to 107.90%.

Conclusions:

• The novel DES-FFs material is effective for the rapid and sensitive extraction of pyrethroids from vegetable oils.
• The developed magnetic-assisted microextraction method offers a promising alternative for pesticide residue analysis.
• This approach contributes to improved food safety monitoring by enabling accurate quantification of pyrethroids.