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Children and adolescents: Respiratory infection and long-term effects longitudinal study (CARE Study): Study protocol
Mark McMillan1,2, Rebecca Beazley3, Nan Vasilunas4
1University Department of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Plos One
|February 5, 2026
Summary
This study tracks post-COVID condition (PCC) and post-acute sequelae (PAS) in Australian children and adolescents. It compares outcomes after COVID-19 and influenza to inform clinical management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Epidemiology
- Public health
Background:
- Long COVID, or post-COVID condition (PCC), affects children and adolescents beyond acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Post-acute sequelae (PAS) following influenza are also a concern in this age group.
- Limited data exists on PCC during the Omicron variant period and PAS after influenza in Australian children.
Purpose of the Study:
- Determine the cumulative incidence of PCC in Australian children and adolescents 5 years post-pandemic start.
- Identify the cumulative incidence of PAS in children and adolescents following influenza infection.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal cohort study recruiting 0-18 year olds in South Australia with recent SARS-CoV-2 or influenza.
- Online surveys at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post-infection.
- Utilizes validated tools (PedsQL, Fatigue Scale, POTS Score) and adapted WHO definition for PCC/PAS identification.
Main Results:
- This section is not available in the provided abstract.
Conclusions:
- Addresses knowledge gaps in PCC and PAS in children during Omicron circulation.
- Compares post-acute sequelae after COVID-19 with influenza, aiding clinical management strategies for children post-infection.
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