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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Planar electrode architectures in microfluidic devices face limitations in achieving high sensor density due to complex wiring.
  • Current designs require numerous conductive lines and pads, hindering miniaturization and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a user-friendly and generalizable concept for high-density microfluidic electrochemical sensor integration.
  • To reduce the number of required conductive lines and pads for ultradense sensor arrays.
  • To enable high-throughput analyses in biomedical applications using compact, integrated devices.

Main Methods:

  • Microfabrication of hundreds of gold (Au) electrodes on a glass wafer.
  • Coupling microfluidics via reversible bonding to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
  • Implementing a two-electrode system where equal-sized planar electrodes switch roles between working electrodes (WEs) and quasi-reference electrodes (QREs).
  • Electrically connecting multiple QREs (2-6) to ensure cell functionality and mitigate ohmic drop.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a significant reduction in required conductive lines/pads compared to conventional sensors.
  • Confirmed that switching electrode roles (WE/QRE) does not affect interfacial properties.
  • Showcased successful QRE functionality with modified and passivated surfaces.
  • Achieved performance comparable to conventional systems using six shorted QREs.
  • Validated device performance in three proof-of-concept applications: cancer cell monitoring, Mpox virus detection, and phosphate determination.

Conclusions:

  • The switchable, equal-sized planar electrode design offers a broadly adaptive solution for engineering high-density, integrated multisensor devices.
  • This approach facilitates high-throughput assays through multiple, rapid measurements in series using a single-channel potentiostat.
  • The technology holds promise for advancing compact, user-friendly diagnostic tools in biomedical and health monitoring.