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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Patchy peptide particles for pH-responsive assembly into liquid crystals or lattices.

Yao Tang1, Tianren Zhang1,2, Dai-Bei Yang2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.

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Researchers developed peptide nanoparticles for programmable self-assembly into nanostructures. These materials exhibit stability across a wide pH range (1, 7, and 14), forming diverse ordered phases like liquid crystals and lattices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling protein and nanoparticle self-assembly into stable nanostructures across extreme pH is challenging.
  • Designing materials with tunable self-assembly properties is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize peptide nanoparticles capable of programmable self-assembly.
  • To investigate the influence of pH and concentration on nanoparticle assembly.
  • To demonstrate pH-dependent, ordered hierarchical material formation.

Main Methods:

  • Design of coiled-coil bundlemer peptide nanoparticles with patchy surface charge.
  • Experimental observation of self-assembly across pH 1, 7, and 14 at varying concentrations.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate assembly mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Peptide nanoparticles formed ordered, hierarchical materials (nematic liquid crystals, hexagonal columnar phases, ordered lattices) across pH 1, 7, and 14.
  • Assembly behavior was dependent on concentration and pH, driven by programmable electrostatic interactions.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed end-to-end particle stacking as the underlying mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Programmable electrostatic interactions on peptide nanoparticles enable controlled self-assembly into diverse nanostructures.
  • These peptide nanoparticles offer stability and tunable assembly across a broad pH range.
  • The findings highlight the potential of protein-inspired design for creating advanced functional nanomaterials.