Current Perspectives on Pectoralis Minor Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Vascular Surgery
• Neurology

Background:

• Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) involves neurovascular compression in the neck/upper limb.
• Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is a distinct TOS variant causing compression under the pectoralis minor muscle.
• PMS symptoms include chest pain, paresthesia, weakness, and swelling, similar to other TOS types.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS).
• To detail PMS etiologies, clinical features, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options.
• To improve recognition and management of this underdiagnosed condition.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on pectoralis minor syndrome.
• Analysis of diagnostic approaches including history, physical examination, and imaging.
• Evaluation of conservative and surgical treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

• Ultrasound-guided pectoralis minor block is a key diagnostic and prognostic tool.
• Conservative management (physical therapy, injections) is effective for most patients.
• Surgical pectoralis minor tenotomy provides durable relief for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

• Early recognition and precise localization of PMS are crucial for effective treatment.
• Accurate diagnosis guides management and prevents unnecessary TOS interventions.
• Optimizing PMS diagnosis and treatment can significantly benefit affected patients.