[Pay attention to blepharospasm and dry eye].

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurology
• Psychology

Background:

• Blepharospasm-related dry eye is a complex multifactorial comorbidity.
• Current challenges include unclear pathogenesis, ambiguous diagnostics, non-standardized treatment, and lack of collaboration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a
• dry eye-blepharospasm
• vicious cycle model.
• To suggest standardized diagnostic and treatment strategies.
• To advocate for a multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) model.

Main Methods:

• Multidimensional approaches including animal models and functional imaging.
• Patient classification into sensory-triggered, movement-originated, and crossover subtypes.
• Standardizing botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) administration and combination therapies.

Main Results:

• A potential
• dry eye-blepharospasm
• vicious cycle with individual variations.
• Symptom overlap necessitates unified diagnostic standards and objective indicators.
• BTX-A shows efficacy but requires standardized dosage and administration.

Conclusions:

• Elucidating mechanisms through multidimensional approaches is crucial.
• Standardized diagnostic processes and patient classification are needed.
• Establishing an MDT model integrating ophthalmology, neurology, rehabilitation, and psychology is essential for individualized management.