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Measuring football fever through wearable technology
Timo Adam1, Jonas Bauer1, Christian Deutscher2
1Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
Scientific Reports
|February 5, 2026
Summary
Football fans experience significant physiological responses during matches. This study quantifies fan heart rate and stress levels, revealing heightened arousal before and during the German Football Association (DFB) Cup final.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Psychophysiology
- Fan Studies
Background:
- Football's global popularity generates intense fan engagement.
- Limited research exists on the specific physiological and emotional reactions of fans during matches.
- Understanding fan responses is crucial for comprehending the broader impact of sports events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the physiological responses of football fans during a high-stakes match.
- To analyze variations in emotional arousal based on physiological data and fan identification.
- To provide data-driven insights into the phenomenon of 'football fever'.
Main Methods:
- Collected high-resolution smartwatch data (heart rate, stress level) from 229 fans over 12 weeks.
- Administered surveys to 37 participants regarding club identification, match attendance, and personal characteristics.
- Compared physiological parameters on match day with baseline levels from non-matchdays.
Main Results:
- Fans exhibited pronounced physiological responses, including elevated heart rate and stress levels.
- These responses began hours before the match and peaked at kick-off.
- Individual variations in arousal correlated with fan identification and contextual factors.
Conclusions:
- High-stakes football matches induce significant, measurable physiological changes in fans.
- Fan engagement in football is characterized by intense, anticipatory psychophysiological arousal.
- This study offers novel, data-driven evidence of the profound impact of sports on human physiology.
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