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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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Continuously tunable multistability in DNA replication networks.

Rui Zhong1, Yanjie Fu1, Shubao Jiang1

  • 1Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.

Nature Communications
|February 5, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel DNA-based framework for continuously tunable multistability. It enables precise control over molecular systems, moving beyond discrete states to a spectrum of possibilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Engineering
  • Systems Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional multistable systems are limited to discrete states due to signal-mediated interactions.
  • Achieving a continuous spectrum of stable states in molecular systems remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rational framework for continuously tunable multistability.
  • To enable precise control over molecular states and functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing reversible displacement reaction-mediated competition between DNA polymerization/nicking modules.
  • Harnessing dNTP hydrolysis for stabilizing states along a continuous compositional gradient.
  • Designing single-stranded DNA with specific structures and functions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a framework for achieving continuously tunable multistability.
  • Enabled continuous, orthogonal state transitions and concentration-adaptive molecular memory.
  • Showcased downstream control of processes like biocatalysis and RNA transcription.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers unparalleled tunability for molecular systems.
  • Establishes a versatile platform for chemical and material systems with continuously tunable multistability.
  • Opens new avenues for advanced molecular programming and control.